The Effects of Columbus Arrival in the Americas Essay

The Effects of Columbus Arrival in the Americas In order to understand the effects of Christopher Columbus arrival in the Americas, one must first understand the native populous level of technology, as well as their cultural background. In this essay you will find first hand accounts as written by the people that were with Columbus when he landed, as well as documentation from his hand. The point of this essay is not to degrade an explorer of new lands, but to show that he, like so many other explorers, assumed that the native peoples to be primitive because of their relative lack of modern technology. Unfortunately, we assume that our culture is always the best, this essay will also prove that that can be false. After†¦show more content†¦In Columbus own words these people were incurably timid and artless as well as senseless brutes. He not once thought that they were happy in their ignorance of western ways, but instead wrote that the only reason he forbade his men from swindling them with the shards of glass for gold was only in order that they may conceive affection, (Johnson 10) for Columbus real goal was that of wealth and he knew that if you cause the very people you are wishing to gain wealth from to feel as though you get the better shake they will resent you and cease your relationship. This was and still a great way to do business, as those who you trade with must feel that in return for their goods, they are receiving a greater service. Yet another result of Columbus discovery was the influx of missionaries, soldiers, and other Europeans. No matter what you read, Europeans came to the New World for gold, and to fulfill their need to spread the Catholic religion. The spread of the Catholic religion had little effect on the populace, as they already believed that the gods lived in the sky (Johnson 10), so it was not much of a stretch. Once again this shows the arrogance of the Europeans in theirShow MoreRelatedImpact Of The Columbian Exchange970 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, with the motivation of finding the better trade route with Asia, gaining wealth from gold and fame over Portuguese as well as spreading Christianity sets sail from Spain in 1492. On October this year, he reached the Americas which later was confirmed as the â€Å"New World† compared with the â€Å"Old World† consisting of Europe, Africa, and Asia. Along with his voyage was the transformation of four popular factors including plants, animals, diseases, and human populationsRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"Columbian Exchange† refers to the massive transfer of life between the Afro-Eurasian and American hemispheres that was precipitated by Columbus’ voyage to the New World . It was known as the widespread interchange of plants, animals, diseases, culture, human populations and technology between Europe and the Americas. After Columbus’ arrival to the Americas, the plant, animal and bacterial life began to mix between the Americas, which was also referred to as the â€Å"New World† and Europe,Read MoreBurry my Heart at Wounded Knee 1211 Words   |  5 Pagesstatements by Indians and the records of treaty councils and other formal meetings with civilian and military representatives of the United States government.† Brown starts with the beginning, Christopher Columbus’ vo yage to American, and how it all went down from then. It is unfortunate that Columbus himself wrote â€Å"So tractable, so peaceable, are these people† he continues â€Å"that I swear to your Majesties there is not in the world a better nation. They love their neighbors as themselves, and their discourseRead More The Re-evaluation of Christopher Columbus Essay2325 Words   |  10 Pagesmay become hated villains. In recent years, this has been the case with the great admiral, Christopher Columbus. For years, the admiral was considered to be, by historians (working primarily from historical documents created by Europeans, with a decidedly Euro centric slant), as well as by the white, euro-American population, to be the great discoverer of the New World. Christopher Columbus changed the way man looked at his world, creating a new global perspective, and opening the floodgates ofRead MoreLatin Americ The Era Of Colonization2711 Words   |  11 Pagesof colonization. Latin America was colonized by Spain and Portugal, but mostly Spain, Portugal colonized Brazil. The failure of Latin America as a state can be attributed to the act of colonization by the Spanish and Portuguese. When Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World for the Spanish in 1492 under the rule of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, he was sent with three ships, The Nina, The Pinta, and The Santa Maria, these three ships carried European men who acted as Columbus’s crewmen forRead MoreChristopher Columbus s Discovery Of The America1132 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Columbus’s discovery of the America’s was monumental. His exploration of the New World impacted the culture, and development of America. One of these effects was the expansion of goods and products in the decades after Columbus’s first contact with Americans. Other effects included how these goods and products affected Amerindians and Europeans which also influenced the Columbian Exchange. Christopher Columbus’s influence on the Americas and Europe is the main reason why he is stillRead MoreCuba s Current Gross National Income Per Person Of $ 5890 ( Talley )1433 Words   |  6 Pages enormous debt, and other poor economic conditions can be explained by events tracing back post-World War II in 1945. The island of Cuba was inhabited by different Mesoamerican cultures but introduced to European cultures in 1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Spain began to colonize Cuba among other Caribbean islands in the 16th century and utilized the island as a stopping point before the New World. This all changed when the collapse of Haiti initiated a sugar boom causing Cuba to emergeRead More Disease and Native American Demise During the European Conquest of the New World3721 Words   |  15 PagesEuropeans in all the facets of their confrontation. They had the superior weaponry, and were thought to have a superior intellect. After all, they were just bringing civilization to the new world, right? It sounds nice when you are learning about Columbus in grade school, but the traditional story is pretty far from the truth. The truth is that the Europeans, when they di scovered this was a brand new world and not the spice islands, sought to rape the land for its gold and natural resources and enslaveRead More Latin America Essay2834 Words   |  12 PagesEurope in the early 19th century created a deep political divide between Spain and its American colonies. In 1807 the Spanish king, Charles IV, granted passage through Spanish territory to Napoleon, who was on his way to invade Portugal. The immediate effect of that concession was to send the Portuguese ruler, Prince Regent John, fleeing in British ships to Brazil. Arriving in Rio de Janeiro with some 15,000 officials, nobles, and other members of his court, John transformed the Brazilian colony intoRead More CUBA: The Great Journey in Economic Development on the United State’s Doorstep5530 Words   |  23 Pagesworld as countries became increasingly linked. Political History Cuba was first discovered by the western world during the Age of Discovery by Christopher Columbus in October of 1492. (Rabkin 9) The European attitude perpetuated during this time period would have lasting implications on Cuba. Upon arrival Columbus, who never discovered that Cuba was, in fact, an island encountered a native population of Indocubans who practiced a subsistence lifestyle involving fishing, agriculture

Sustainability is one of the most controversial topics...

Sustainability is one of the most controversial topics throughout the history, and as our society develop, we realize that being able to be sustainable is essential to survival of our race. The book Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Sustainability is a collection of articles on different side of various issues related to sustainability. In the book, Issue 8 discusses the ability of technology to deliver sustainability, and issue 16 and 17 discusses the sustainability of food and energy. While issue 16 and 17 are well-presented, the arguments in issue 8 are not very strong. Issue 8 Can Technology Deliver Global Sustainability? As our culture develops, we gradually realize that we have to find a sustainable way of living so that we can†¦show more content†¦Idea of â€Å"leap-frogging† is a strong point of her argument, because it saves all the time and resources necessary for technological development, which in turn avoid the inevitable damage to the environment. In the article, she analyzes two places in the report, which adds variety to the sample; however, both countries are in Asia, and examples from other part of the world can make the argument stronger. Lewis provides a lot of details of the results of the wind turbines: â€Å"by 2006, India had reached 6228 MW of installations, surpassing its long-held target of 5000 MW of wind capacity by 2012 several years early† (195). She tries to show how fast wind turbine technology develops, showing that it is possible for technology to deliver sustainability, however, she never discusses the energy and raw materials required to make win d turbines, nor the maintenance of the wind turbines. In general, the article does not address the question â€Å"Can Technology Deliver Global Sustainability?† very well; it discusses wind turbine as the only technology, and the only two countries in Asia mentioned is not â€Å"global.† The No section also did a good job explaining why it is difficult for technology to deliver sustainability; however, it does not address the issue really well, because it only discusses a small region in Africa. The authors of the no side article, Alan Colin Brent and David E.Show MoreRelatedSustainability And The On Sustainability1016 Words   |  5 PagesSustainability â€Å"Sustainability refers to the long-term maintenance of brass according to environs al, economic and sociable considerations† (Crane Matten, 2010). Now a twenty-four hours, sustainability has become a part of our everyday lives or in business sector. There are some laws and policy that every business administration must follow the triple tail course also known as sustainability account. In triple bottom line, every brass must stress on three P’s namely profit / economy, people /societyRead MoreSustainability : Sustainability And Environmental Sustainability1625 Words   |  7 PagesSustainability is a topic that has become very important in recent years. Sustainability is defined as, â€Å"the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely.† (Finding and Resolving the Root Causes of the Sustainability Problem, 2014) There are three pillars that make up overall sustainability: social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Social sustainability focuses on all human needs being met and a society functioning properly indefinitely. Economic sustainability is achieving aRead MoreThe Sustainability, Economic Sustainability And Social Sustainability1861 Words   |  8 PagesSustainable and Sustainability are used to describe many different approaches for improving our life. Sustainability is about people and culture, our environment, jobs or countries. Could be defend as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It s about taking what we need to live now. There is many departments of sustainability but the main are three environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. The term sustainability in a businessRead MoreThe Sustainability, Economic Sustainability And Social Sustainability1860 Words   |  8 PagesSustainable and Sustai nability are used to describe many different approaches for improving our life. Sustainability is about people and culture, our environment, jobs or countries. Could be defended as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It s about taking what we need to live now. There is many departments of sustainability but the main are three environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. The term sustainability in a businessRead MoreSustainability : The Issue Of Sustainability1096 Words   |  5 PagesSustainability The issue of sustainability in today’s generation has developed as a result of a rapid and enormous population growth, growth in our world’s economy, and huge depletion of our natural resources. During the time of the Industrial Revolution our world population was around nine hundred million people. Since that time there has been an enormous growth in population, which in turn has placed a huge demand on our earth’s natural resources. By the year 2000 the earth’s population was sixRead MoreSustainability684 Words   |  3 Pagestoday’s global economy sustainability is very important; from the biological aspect to the industries they all play a role on the marine environment. As world population increases the demand of fish rises causing overfishing. Certain laws have been placed to limit the amount of wild fishing to reduce the risk of endangerment. To meet the demand of the population, fish farms are introduced. Pollution and health related issue s are part of the challenges of fish farming. Sustainability also affects socialRead MoreSustainability And Its Impact On Sustainability1169 Words   |  5 Pageswhat sustainability is? Sustainability could be defined as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It’s about taking what we need to live now, without jeopardizing the potential for people in the future to meet their needs. If an activity is said to be sustainable, it should be able to continue forever. what sets it apart from simply â€Å"environmentalism† or â€Å"environmental protection† Sustainability, in contrast to the environmentalism, represents the idea that humanRead MoreSustainability And Development Of Sustainability1422 Words   |  6 PagesSustainability is the development to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (WCED, 1987). Today, sustainability is being incorporated into business strategie s, as organisations begin to adopt a sustainability strategy. This strategy is involving organisational operations to be sustainable, such as reducing pollution, each organisation identifies sustainability slightly differently and it is reflected in their strategy which is designed andRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Sustainability And Sustainability1295 Words   |  6 PagesSustainability is one of the most discussed subjects at the present time. With global warming, increase in the population, clean water deficiency and shortage of food, people more and more thinking about how to make their life more sustainable. But what is sustainability? According to United Nations, â€Å"sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need.† To satisfy our needs we use natural resources as well as social and economicRead MoreSustainability And Its Impact On Sustainability Essay2015 Words   |  9 PagesSustainabili ty is a growing concern for many individuals and companies as resources are becoming increasingly limited, hazardous, and expensive. Over the last few years, more people have been informed about sustainable options, which have been easier to obtain and contribute to, as well as wanting to purchase more sustainable options from companies. Since the idea of sustainability is so broad, everyone can contribute in a way they feel is most beneficial. Whether individuals and companies are giving

Baldwin England Your England Free Essays

England Your England while poking fun at the English way of life, also prides the quirky nature of England. In a way, Orwell tries to reach out to the English people by telling them what makes them unique and why they ought to stand up against an enemy trying to threaten its sovereignty. He elucidates English patriotism by stating â€Å"the tendency of nearly all its inhabitants to feel alike and act together in moments of supreme crisis† (Orwell III). We will write a custom essay sample on Baldwin England Your England or any similar topic only for you Order Now He mentions the points of view of the different classes in England, thereby providing a neutral perspective. He neither commends blind loyalty to the Royal family nor does he agree with the far too pacifist views of the intellectual elite. He also mentions that business class was actually too ignorant to understand that fascism does not necessarily equate to anti-communism. Although Orwell did not entirely support England’s War with Germany, he felt that it was essential to curb the spread of Fascism at any cost. He even feels that the anti-war sentiment of the English majority is viewed as hypocrisy by rest of the world, since the English Empire was built by waging wars. He also states that â€Å"this war, unless we are defeated, will wipe out most of the existing class privileges†, thereby appealing to the common man about the importance of England winning the War against Germany (Orwell VI). James Baldwin shows appreciation for the Nation of Islam (NOI) movement for having united a lot of African-Americans. However, he does not entirely agree with the NOI, instead of spreading the ideal of race equality, tried to instill feelings of black superiority and hatred of the White race. He states that the Nation of Islam propagated â€Å"historical and divine proof that all white people are cursed, and are devils, and are about to be brought down† (Baldwin 315). Moreover, the Nation of Islam demanded absolute control over the society, rather than sharing equal rights. Baldwin felt that love for one another was much more significant than racial identity and could never concur with the ideals of the NOI. He stood for mutual co-existence of all races, rather than the separation of society into whites and blacks and therefore did not join the NOI movement. Baldwin condemns the White society for debasing all the other communities including African-Americans. He states that White America is afraid of being â€Å"judged by those who are not white† and therefore fails to love others. He also believes that White America is scared of African-Americans bringing â€Å"new life to the Western achievements and transform them. † He felt that American society had to treat everyone equally and renounce the craving for White superiority, if they wish to avoid facing the same plight. He feels that Whites have gotten used to being superior and racial equality will never occur until White America overcomes the fear of sharing power. In Act One, Hamlet witnesses the ghost of his father telling him that the newly crowned King Claudius actually murdered him to capture the throne. The ghost asks Hamlet to avenge his death and forgive his mother for remarrying Claudius. Horatio, a friend of Hamlet, says â€Å"tis but our fantasy† when he sees the ghost. This suggests that the ghost is actually nothing but an inner feeling that manifests as a mental image. Hence, it would not have been justified if Hamlet killed Claudius immediately after seeing the ghost of his father. It would have meant that the rage of losing his father had blinded Hamlet’s moral judgment. However, Hamlet bound by his principles does not kill Claudius until Polonius’ son Laertes finally confesses that the Claudius murdered his father. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross. † 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347. Orwell, George. 1941. England Your England. I-VI. How to cite Baldwin England Your England, Papers

Fiscal Policy and Economic Performance

Question: Discuss about the Fiscal Policy and Economic Performance. Answer: Introduction GDP of an economy is the total value of goods and services produced in a country. These goods are produced by businesses, hence it can be said that the GDP of an economy is affected by the business. Similarly a business is affected by the economic performance of a country since most of the business decisions depend on the economic growth. The economic growth can be controlled by the government using various tools like fiscal policy, monetary policy in order to keep a balanced growth. The report discusses how the fiscal policy and the domestic and foreign economic performances impact the business. Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy refers to the federal governments taxation and spending activities. The fiscal policy has an effect on the overall economy including individuals and businesses. The government uses fiscal policies to stabilize a countrys economy. The government can increase its spending either by increasing the tax or by government borrowing. Increased spending leads to increase in the economys GDP. A higher GDP means growth and development in the economy and in an economy performing well, the businesses flourish as the consumers have high spending power and thus the demand for their goods and services increase and so their profit levels. Impact of Fiscal Policy on Business The various effects the fiscal policy has on a company are discussed below: 1. Costs of borrowing when the government has an expansionary policy which requires increased government spending, the government tends to borrow money in order to finance its spending. This may lead to an increase in the interest rate; a higher interest rate will increase the borrowing costs of the firms. With a difficulty in obtaining funds, the business activity may be slowed down. Hence, a lower interest rate by the government is in favour of the businesses. 2. Consumer Spending the fiscal policy of the government has a direct effect on the consumer spending. Increased government spending means more government jobs which will increase the consumer spending and the businesses will benefit from this as the demand for their goods and services will increase. Moreover, if the increased government spending is coupled with low taxes, the economy has all the more disposable income in hand. The demand for non-essential luxury goods specially increase on such occasions. 3. Tax policies governments taxation policy has a direct impact on the business owners. With an increase in business tax, the profits available to business owners decrease and vice versa. Also if the government increases the individual tax, the disposable income of the consumer reduces and therefore the demand for goods and services also decrease, thus affecting the business of the owners. 4. Unemployment - if there is unemployment in an economy, the government uses its fiscal policy to generate employment by reducing its interest rates and maintaining growth oriented fiscal policies. This will lead to expansion of business and thus additional hiring thus creating employment. If the government has tight fiscal policies, companies will resort to firing employees to reduce their costs(Fatas, Mihov, NA). Impact of Domestic and Foreign economic performance on Businesses Gross domestic product is one of the best indicators of an economys performance and growth. Economic growth leads to improvement in standard of living, expanding of the new and existing markets. Economic growth happens when there is efficiency in utilization of existing resources and new investments take place. This leads to increased incomes which fuel the demand for goods and services and thus encourage further economic growth. Also GDP is used by the central bank to set the interest rates. In times of slow economic growth, the bank lowers the interest rates which make borrowing less expensive. Thus lower interest rate stimulates business and consumption. The business owners can obtain loan for undertaking new business activities and thus look at growth. The business owners base their decision of employment or new business opportunities on the economic growth of the country. If the economy is growing, businesses would increase employment, expand their operations, invest in new plant and equipment and other assets. Foreign investment plays an important role in fuelling the economic growth of an economy. The investment in an economy increases which leads to generation of employment. Higher employment leads to increase in demand for goods and services and thus increases business prospects for companies. Domestic savings also increase as a result of foreign investment as the money which would have been utilized for investment can now be saved and used to increase the standard of living by buying luxurious goods. This will further increase demand for goods of domestic producers. Also the foreign aid brings in the latest technology which is not available in the domestic market. The technology can be used by domestic producers to reduce their input costs and thus increase profitability. Thus we see that foreign investment supplements the economic growth. (Kabete, 2008) Businesses also evaluate the economic growth and development of foreign countries as it provides them with an opportunity to expand their operations in a country where they can earn higher income. A developing economy provides with ample opportunities for capital investment, the results of which bear success fruits for the business owners. (Ekanayake, Chatrna, NA) Thus we see that not only the domestic economic performance is of importance to the business owners, rather a good foreign economic performance also provides opportunities to business owners to expand their business overseas and take the benefits of the economic growth of other country. However, each country has its government regulations in place to keep check of domestic money not flowing out of the country. Therefore, a business can venture outside only within the regulatory limits. Conclusion A business must consider the economic growth and the fiscal policy of the government while formulating its business strategies and plans. Firms selling necessities like supermarkets are less affected by the ups and downs in the economic growth. However, the non-essential luxury products prosper only in when the economy is experiencing economic development and growth. (Mandel, 2007).The business use the GDP data to make their strategic decisions and the government uses the GDP data to control the economy. With the use of its fiscal and monetary policy, the government is able to influence the economic growth which gets reflected in the GDP data of the economy. (Rothbard, NA). Therefore, in order to make full use of the opportunities or to be prepared for the threats posed by the government policies, the fiscal policy, domestic and foreign economic performance are of paramount importance to the business owners. References Fatas, A., Mihov, I., (NA), the Effects of Fiscal Policy on Consumption and Employment: Theory and Evidence, Journal of International Economics Kabete, C.N., (2008), Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: The Case of Tanzania, Masters of Arts in development studies, and Institute of social studies Ekanayake, E.M., Chatrna, D., (NA), The Effect of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Developing Countries, Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies Mandel, M., (2007), Does GDP matter anymore?, Bloomberg Business Week Rothbard, M.N., (NA), What Has Government Done to Our Money? The Economic Effects of Inflation, Ludwig Von Mises Institute

Critical study of Management and organisations

Introduction Organization and management are processes that entail controlling, coordinating, directing, organizing as well as planning. The study of management and organization is vital in the sense that both aspects have ample and diverse benefits which, if well implemented, will increases the output of an organization through performance amplitude, improved quality, productivity, commitment and motivation (Huczynski, 1993, p. 450).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical study of Management and organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, critical study of management and organizations will impinge on cultural, economic and social aspects of employees and management at large. Moreover, most contemporary organizations face myriad of challenges such as controlling their workforce and overall production activities. As such, the study of management and organization will facilitate and aid managers in id entifying inabilities and capabilities directed towards current and future expectations (Bakan, 2004, p. 22). This essay explores the importance of critical study of management and organization in two distinct sections. In the first section, it will examine Morgan (2006) analysis on corporate power and its influences and outcomes in different spheres. In the second section, it will examine organizational behaviour, obedience and authority from Jackall’s (1998) and McIlvanney (1989) points of view as well as factors that inhibit managers and employees from taking proactive roles. In the third section, it will critically analyse management and organization from Ackroyd and Crowdy (1990) as well as Knights and Roberts (1982) perspectives. Production activities Many organizations and businesses engage themselves in operations that entails production activities and those that precipitate knowledge on the availability of certain products and services so that appropriate levels of p roduction can be attained in accordance to movements in demand and supply (Garcia-Morales, Llorens-Montes Verdu-Jover, 2007, p. 554). They also carry out strategic strategic movement of finished goods and services to various points of sale as dictated by demand. As such, many dominating brands have produced and marketed products that have played great role in influencing the society. Jackall (1988) argues that brands that offer technology have greatly influenced educational system with their electronic and communication products. He further claims that inasmuch as modern technology has improved efficiency of carrying out tasks among students, created literacy in a society and provided institutions with channels of online learning, employers and managers who seek to employ workers go for tech-trained individuals while failing to notice that these pedagogical benefits are not found among poor schools.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, the influence that corporate technology firms’ advertisements have on education pushes schools to clamour for latest electronic gadgets leaving more learning institutions seeking sponsorship from private sectors for supply of computers (Garcia-Morales, Llorens-Montes Verdu-Jover, 2007, p. 554). Technology products have today increased in the market. Indeed, the study of management and organization is of critical importance since many organizations conducting advertisements have embarked on relating these products with education while being ignorant of the pressure it puts on students, families and schools that cannot afford them (Garcia-Morales, Llorens-Montes Verdu-Jover, 2007, p. 554). In my own opinion, this does not only affect to a certain degree, the well being and academic performance of the poor, but it also shuts the door of employment to those people who are not tech savvy. This will aid managers i n contingency thinking necessary for management. Besides technology, there are brands that offer food and drink products such as Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola. These have spread their influence in society through their consistent advertisement and marketing practises (Bakan, 2004, p. 26). For instance, Pepsi-Cola, whose target market segments range from individual customers to large global corporations, offers products such as Aquafina, Tostios, Quakers, Doritos,Ruffles, Mirinda, Tropicana and Pepsi that are being widely used by students. The haphazard and bizarre thing about the corporation offering fast foods is that they target learning institutions such as universities and colleges (Knights Roberts, 1982, p. 49). Management and organizations issuing these products fail to notice the effects which arise from the fact that students begin to demand for certain products offered by certain brands which most schools under federal program cannot supply. Morgan (2006) points out that organi zational dominance by corporations has been witnessed throughout history through the manner in which group or individual organizations impose control over others. In most cases, this is done by the privileged elite with an aim of exploiting the underprivileged organizations. According to Max Weber, a theorist, social domination varies with different epochs and societies (Morgan, 2006). Organizations use bureaucracy as a mode of creating structures for sustaining dominance. Additionally, organizations, managers and employees assert dominance through imposition or coercion via force or threats. Moreover, domination by corporations can be either charismatic through demonstration of power or authority or traditional. Modern organizations use bureaucracy to exercise dominance over employees and the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical study of Management and organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is seen in the manner in which many individuals remain unemployed and the lack of trust by society to depend on organization. Besides, Morgan (2006) indicates that many organizations fail to treat deservedly their employees such that even those in pivotal positions with glowing reputations get their employment instantly terminated. Referring to Marx Weber, a radical theorist, Morgan (2006) argues that such a treatment is naked exploitation that is practised even with great development in today’s industrial revolution. A key ingredient overall output The performance of groups or individuals within an organization is a key ingredient to its overall output. Jackall (1998) points out that success of an organisation relies heavily on the output of small teams that constitute departments or divisions within it. Increased productivity in management and organizations has been directly linked to group efficacy. One of the most powerful ways through which groups have increased th eir efficacy and effectiveness is through team building exercises (Knights Roberts, 1982, p. 57). He further points out that team building has been a very important organizational practice and behaviour that has highly boosted the performance of many organizations. Additionally, Jackall (1998) exemplifies that the essence behind any team building strategy is that when employees work or pull together towards achieving a common goal, it is more likely that the organisation will realize a much faster growth compared to when they pull in different directions. Hence, the concept of team building can be described as an organizational behaviour and practice that attempts to bring employees together as one cohesive team that works to achieve a common objective or goal (Roberts, 1984, p. 302). Employees can be motivated through a well defined process of setting goals for an organisation. Studies have revealed that people tend to be motivated to work when there are certain goals to be achiev ed after a given period of time (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis, 2008, p. 250). This type of motivation is well explained by Locke’s goal setting theory. This implies that employees will only be motivated when they are part and parcel of goal setting. Moreover, Morgan (2006) argues that each group member within an organization community should be made to visualize the importance of the goals being set. In most cases, employees will not inject an additional effort if they have no clear idea on how the set goals are going to beneficial, not just to the organisation, they should also derive quantifiable benefits upon achieving the goals. Morgan (2006, p. 250) argues that an employee who is intrinsically motivated does not necessarily require to be impressed by external factors before working efficiently and effectively to improve the productivity of an organisation. However, the author further points out that most employees would appreciate to be externally motivated, either by the s tyle of or better working conditions where job satisfaction is not an illusion but reality (McIlvanney, 1989).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Better management and organization plays a central role in maintaining a high level of motivation of employees in order to sustain productivity. This is achieved through assigning different roles and responsibilities to employees designed in a manner that provides chances for growth, attaining set goals and recognizing achievements (Ackroyd Crowdy, 1990, p. 7). Job enrichment, a management pratise entails granting greater authority among employees to exercise not just their skills and competences but also the unique talents which they are endowed with. In relation to management, Morgan (2006, p. 257) elucidates that management of change in organisations should be part of strategic planning by managers. In order to manage change well, planning should be done in a thoughtful way. Furthermore, the implementation process of the proposed changes should be as shrewd as possible and most importantly, those who are to be affected by the changes ought to be consulted or be made integral par t of the implementation process (Garcia-Morales, Llorens-Montes Verdu-Jover, 2007, p. 554; Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis, 2008, p. 240). Acquiring knowledge in management and organization enables managers to be able to manage organisational changes effectively by creating proposed changes that are pragmatic, quite reasonable, measurable and achievable. Research studies indicates that although these elements are crucial when managing change at individual level, it should be noted that the best process of change begins with from a personal level, then to working groups which spill its influence to the organisation at large. However, the responsibility of managing change does not lie with employees since they are instruments of change, not architects (Garcia-Morales, Llorens-Montes Verdu-Jover, 2007, p. 551). On the issue of obedience, Morgan (2006, p. 526) points out that it is an act or a response to definite orders issued by an authority with no questioning. Obedience in management an d organization ensures that individuals in an organization follow directives and guiding principles provided by laws of operation governing an organization. It is a way of ensuring that individuals conform to or according to the desire of other people including the leadership in an organization in a group in order to please them (Ackroyd Crowdy, 1990, p. 9). He argues that in organization and management, overt social forces trigger dramatic psychological phenomena that explicate and demonstrate in form of social influence. Employers and managers confronted by a certain circumstance or by explicit social forces may struggle to comprehend them and respond to them from external pressures or by private judgment. It is imperative to note that in an organization, there must be order must be understood and obeyed. Yielding to an authority and complying with instructions or orders is an act of obedience. In management and organization, an individual’s conscience is of sociological v alue since it is able to inhibit and restrain as well as cause an individual to obey (Garcia-Morales, Llorens-Montes Verdu-Jover, 2007, p. 549). Conclusion In analyzing why it is important to study management and organization critically, it is imperative to underscore the fact that factors such as management that change, control of quality, risk management and strategic human resource management ought o be examined critically when managing organizations. These are valuable insights necessary to tackle situations and to understand issues such as sudden downturns in economy, transparency or regulatory issues that are political, social or technological nature. I have made my arguments under three important sections whereby in the section, I have clearly exemplified that management in different organizations as well as some brands tend to exercise dominance over others alongside offering products and services that impact greatly to society. In section two, I have emphasized that organi zational behavior and obedience is a key aspect that brings success to an organization. Efficient and effective organizations and managers who motivate their workers accomplish more in production and output. Finally, it is crucial to note that critical study of organization and management does not imply failure in leadership roles within an organization. Instead, it is a method of ensuring that organizations improve their managerial standards to meet international demands as well as increase organizational performance. References Ackroyd, S. Crowdy, P. 1990. Can culture be managed? Working with â€Å"raw† material: the case of the English slaughtermen. Personnel Review 19(5): 3-12. Bakan, J. 2004. ‘The Corporation’s rise to dominance’ Excerpt from The Corporation. The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power. London: Constable. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M. Pitsis, T. 2008. Managing Organisations, an introduction to theory and practice. Indiana: Sage public ations. Garcia-Morales, V.J., Llorens-Montes F.J. Verdu-Jover A.J. 2007. Influence of personal mastery on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation in large firms and SMEs. Technovation. 27(9), 547-568. Huczynski, A. 1993. Explaining the succession of management fads. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 4(2): 443-463. Jackall, R. 1998. ‘Looking up and looking around’ excerpt from Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Knights, D. Roberts, J. (1982). The power of organisation or the organisation of power? Organisation Studies, 3(1): 47-63. McIlvanney, W. 1989. The Prisoner’ in W. McIlvanney (Ed.) Walking Wounded. Kent: Sceptre. Morgan, G. 2006. The Ugly Face: Organizations as Instruments of Domination. Excerpt from Images of Organization London: Sage. Roberts, J. 1984. The moral character of management practice. Journal of Management Studies 21(3): 287-302. This essay on Critical study of Management and organisations was written and submitted by user Mathew Buckner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

7 Steps to Quitting Your Job with Style and Class

7 Steps to Quitting Your Job with Style and Class At some point, you’re going to need to write a resignation letter. Maybe you have to quit because this toxic job is driving you insane, and you’re leaving to teach yoga in Antarctica. Maybe you got a great new job- yay! Or maybe your political scandal is about to hit TMZ, and you need to find a way to say you’re sorry and leaving to spend more time with your family. Whatever the circumstances, a good resignation letter is pretty similar across the board. Here are six basic steps to follow when it’s time to say goodbye  so you can make sure you’re quiting your job with style and class.1. Be positive that this is what you want.If you have a new gig lined up, that’s pretty definitive. But if you don’t, make sure you’re not doing this as a passing whim. There are no backsies once you put something in writing. And even if you manage to say â€Å"just kidding† and rescind your resignation, that’s not going to create mu ch trust or goodwill among the powers that be.2. If possible, give your boss a heads up.A quick meeting to let him or her know that you’re leaving is a nice courtesy. It can help ease the cold, hard facts in the email or letter to follow. It can also make your transition out easier, if he or she feels looped in and not blindsided by the news. After all, this person is one of the people most likely to be directly impacted by your leaving.3. Pick your format.Some companies might require a formal paper letter. Others might not have any specific rules- in which case an email to your boss is probably fine. Do a little due diligence with HR before you drop the official note.4. Hit all the necessary paper trail points.Your resignation letter should include a statement of the facts surrounding your departure, but only the ones that pertain directly to your job ending.I’m leaving the company. (The reason is not necessary to include.)I will be leaving on X date. (Check your comp any’s policy to see if there’s minimum notice you need to give.)I will be available to help with the transition until that date.5. Check to make sure the tone is neutral.Don’t talk about how excited you are about your new job, or how much you hated your current job by the end. This letter is not a place for venting, bus-throwing, or grudge-ing. It wouldn’t hurt to show mild regret that you’re leaving, even if that part is ever so slightly disingenuous.6. Proofread it.This is going to be part of your official record with the company, so make sure the information is accurate, especially the end date.7. Thank your boss for the opportunity you’ve had.If you’re unhappy, squash the urge to be snarky. Once upon a time, this job WAS an exciting opportunity, and regardless of why you’re moving on, you did get experience and knowledge along the way.At this point, you’re ready to send it and start your goodbye tour with a clear con science.

Operations & Quality Management (Singapore Airlines) Essay

Operations & Quality Management (Singapore Airlines) - Essay Example Singapore Airlines is quite an absurdity. It is the state-run airline for a country that is basically just a city; a nation that has residents of no more than 3 million; and a country that is just 250 kms across with no domestic routes to take over. Regardless of this it has managed to regularly post profits in one of the globe's mainly returning industries. According to higher executives, SIA evidently understands the high directive placed on it by discriminating and increasingly challenging customers. This causes a severe challenge internally in terms of being the finest in all aspect and places massive stress on the leading edge staff. Such high orders and anticipations result in a need to frequently alter and evaluate everything the airline carries out. Leading management is also faced with a continuous effort to form an unvarying service that is also extremely custom-made. SIA strategies all its procedures and sub-procedures in whole, with each getting unremitting concentration for enhancement and interrupted redesign (Heracleous, Wirtz, Johnston, 2004, pp.33-38). With such an international status for service quality, bringing terrific service is a most important challenge for SIA. The key is the company's entire approach - it knows that customers are buying a total bundle of service and that all its components have to do extremely well in every way. Introduction To persist as a service leader in the airline industry SIA makes it targets to create a "wow outcome" and to often blow customers. It does this by paying attention deeply to its customers and continually making out "wow" opportunities, such as not so heavy and more nutritious and hygienic food and an e-mail service within flight. Such new plans are also designed by feedback from staff, information about several other airlines, study of complaints, claims and compliments, and main traveler surveys. SIA's detailed feedback mechanisms gather information from different sources, all of which is analyzed then. Difficulties and faults are publicized internally to the extent that is possible. Quality Customer Service Singapore Airlines (SAI) is a model of constancy. The airline can possess 3 decades of continuing achievement, even affluent during times when the industry as a totality struggled. Its assets of awards include a confounding 67 international honors in 2002 only. How has this height of success been maintained for such a long period By implanting a customer-oriented culture that permeates all the airline's dissimilar operations. Significantly, though, an understanding of the want for cost usefulness grounds client service quality. All workers share this attentiveness. Holistic teaching techniques compel the message home, as does the reality that extra benefits and other incentives are very much reliant upon earnings produced. Not astonishingly, staff at all levels negate of resources being misused. Evidently you don't remain at the peak for 30 years by standing motionless. Modernization is a must and SIA is a sharp operator where this is noticed. The company considers that all improvements have some degree of shelf life and is not scared to break up with those

Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Responses - Essay Example author feels that following the earthquake and tsunami damages on the nuclear plants in Japan, there has been power deficit of about 1.1 to 1.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day experienced in the country (243-245). The author is of the opinion that the tsunami and the earthquake attacks were immense on the Fukushima but still, there was no big impact on humans and the environment. He therefore feels that nuclear energy is the best form of energy. However, I think the damage was less because the power station was a long way from the epicenter and it was also well away from major population centers. Moreover, the population stayed calm and the wind blew across the Pacific during the worst radiation leaks implying that the author may be dishonest about the risks. According to Johnson, David Brooks explains how business genius George Mitchell fought against all odds and opposition to extract natural gas from shale through the method called fracking (238). Shale gas currently plays a major role in the American natural gas supplies. Fracking mechanism tends to change the energy marketplace because it results into cleaner and cheaper energy source. The author further asserts that the evolution of shale gas has created more than half a million jobs by making companies that rely heavily on natural gas such as Dow Chemical to invest in the U.S instead of abroad. He believes that shale gas has reduced fuel prices and eventually electricity prices and reduced reliant on foreign suppliers. Brooks seem to support fracking by highlighting several benefits accrued from it but I do not think that it is the clean energy America and the world needs. My understanding for the source of energy and clean energy has not changed Jonathan Facelli adds on the voice of the national political agenda of â€Å"energy independence† that was evident in 2008 and attempts to give solution to the way independence can be achieved (Johnson 256). He does not seem to concur with politicians

Barratt Developments financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13000 words

Barratt Developments financial report - Essay Example The company has its operation in all parts of Britain, where it has established 27 divisions by delivering around 14,838 new homes per year. Hence, it focuses on delivering value to the shareholders (Barratt Developments Plc., 2015c). The deals that have completed during 2012 and 2013 are depicted in the figure above. The investment in equity shares decreased in 2013 as compared to 2012. This reflects that the company has failed to invest more in equity of other companies. The reason behind this failure is accumulation of cash reserve. The Help to buy scheme through which the company sell homes was 4% during 2013 (Barratt Developments Plc, 2015a). This is a new scheme, which helped the first time buyers to get homes in London at reasonable rates. The Part-exchange has also increased in 2013 as compared to 2012, which indicates towards the fact that the company is earning profit through this scheme. The number of investors has increased over the period as the company is preferred by public, who have the interest to invest in the shares (Barratt Developments Plc, 2015a). Housing market in the UK: There has been steady growth in the UK housing market due to the demand of new homes and buildings by the customers. With the increase in population, there is increase in demand for new homes (White, 2014). Impact on Barratt Development: The growth in the housing market has helped Barratt Development to earn more profit as the sale of houses increased to a great extent. The rise in sales of the company reflected strong market condition, which in turn contributed towards the development of the economy. The customers have always preferred the company for purchasing any houses as the designs of the interiors prepared by Barratt are unique. Planning regulation and Tax: The supply of the private housing is ascertained with the help of house price along with underlying determinants. In this regards, price and supply of private housing

Experiments of Copper (II) Sulphate

Experiments of Copper (II) Sulphate Aim This experiment is to calculate the x which is water of crystallization and the chemical equation is CuSO4 (aq) Â · xH2O (s) and to observed colour changed when complex formation of copper (II) sulphate are formed. Introduction Molar mass is summation of all the atomic masses in a chemical equation. Transition metals are the elements which are found in the d-block in The Periodic Table. The element which is in the first transition series is strong oxidizers and they can form bivalent metal ions which have reducibility and its charge is 2+. Because of empty of d-orbital, transition metals easily form coordination compounds. Copper can form coordination compound; however, its d10 structure is stable so that its highest charge is +3. Hydrochloric acid, its chemical formula is HCl. It is a strong acid and is easily vaporize so that after opening the container which contains HCl, the acid vapour will be seeing very clearly. Because HCl can volatilize, it will combine with the water and form HCl drops (Baidu.Baike, 2009). Copper (II) sulphate often exists as a crystallization as a pentahydrate which means a molecule contains five crystallization of water. It can be sale as blue vitriol which is a chemical material using to produce pigments, battery and so on (Chmicalland21, nd). Ammonia solution is a colourless liquid and has pungent smell. If it is exposing to air it loses NH3 quickly (Down.Food126, 2008). The displacement reaction is a simple substance reacts with a compound, and forms other kinds of simple substance and compound. The Crystal Theory is a theory that search for the chemical bond of the transition metals. The transition metals ions are located on the crystal field and surrounding by anions and dipole molecules. The anions are called central ions, and the dipole molecules are called ligands. These ions can affect the energy which belongs to d-orbital, because of a splitting of energy levels. However, this theory can used to explain the colour changes of the complex (Science.Jrank, 2010). Lister and Renshaw (2000, p469) has pointed out that the molecules or ions use lone pairs to form dative bonds with a d-block metal which is surrounding by a transition metal to form, its a complex. In addition, these kinds of molecules or ions are called ligands. Method Firstly, several apparatus were used in this experiment, for instance, crucible, spatulas, burner, tongs, electronic balance, stand, dessicator, paper clip, conical flasks and pipettes. Secondly, some chemical were used, for example, hydrated copper sulphate, water, concentrate hydrochloric acid, ammonia solution. The last but one, students should wear the coat and safety glasses in the experiment. Part A First, the inside of crucible was cleaned. Second, a paper clip was placed into the crucible and weighed by electronic balance. The weight was recorded down to 0.01g. Third, 3g of copper sulphate was placed into the crucible using the spatula, and was weighed by the electronic balance. Fourth, the burner was lit, and was put under the stand. The paper clip and copper (II) sulphate was placed on the stand and was heated for about 5 minutes. The crystal was stirred with the paper clip. The colour was observed. Fifth, the crucible was placed inside the dessicator for 5 minutes to cool down using tongs (The paper clip was left in the crucible). Sixth, the crucible was weighted when it was cool enough. At last, some water was added into the crucible and indicates the blue colour which is the colour of crystallization of water. Part B Firstly, some copper sulphate and water was put into 3 conical flasks and was shaken to dissolve. Secondly, concentrated hydrochloric acid was dropped into one conical flask using a pipette and observed. Lastly, some ammonia acid was dropped into a second conical flask using another pipette until the colour changed. The colour of this solution should observe carefully after different volume ammonia acid was added. Discussion Part A The chemical formula in part A is CuSO4 (aq) Â · xH2O (l) > CuSO4 (aq) + xH2O (l) Mr 160 + 18x 160 Mass 2.22g 1.4g 1.4 (160 + 18x) = 160 * 2.22 224 + 25.2 = 355.2 25.2 x = 131.2 x = 5.20634 Therefore, x is equal to 5. Here is an explanation of the calculation. The Mr of CuSO4 is 160, and the Mr of water is 18x which the x is still a unknown value. The mass of CuSO4 and water is 2.22g and 1.4g. The number cross multiplies with each other. As a result, the x was come out. Thus, the value of x is slight greater than predict. According to the theory, the right result should be lower than 5 value, maybe the copper sulphate was oxidised, and the water of crystallization was not evaporated enough so that influence the final result. The copper (II) sulphate became black because of the oxidation of the copper. The copper (II) sulphate in the experiment was heated twice in order to make the water of crystallization evaporate completely. If it heated too strongly, the colour of copper sulphate will turn to black. The chemical equation of this reaction is: CuSO4 (aq) > CuO (s) + SO3 (g) Part B One of the reasons why the colour changed is causes by spectrum. The copper (II) sulphate indicated blue in the experiment. Because when the ordinary sunlight passes through the solution, the solution absorbed the wavelengths of the light. The red area in the spectrum was absorbed by the copper (II) ions. However, the sunlight which through the solution and on the other side of the conical flasks made the solution indicates the colour except red. The blue colour is the mixture of wavelengths (Chemguide, 2009). The colour changed in ammonia solution added into copper (II) sulphate is causes by the complex. The light blue colour substance was indicated, and this is basic copper sulphate precipitate. After more ammonia solution was poured into the solution, the precipitate will dissolve and produce [Cu (NH3)4] 2+ which is an indigo colour substance and replaced the basic copper sulphate, and water molecule was replaced by ammonia (Chemguide, 2009). The chemical equation is: Cu2 (l) + 4NH3 (l) > [Cu (NH3)4] 2+ (aq) The transition metals have their own colour causes by d orbital. When the HCl was poured into copper (II) sulphate solution, the [Cu (H2O) 6]2+ was produced, and the colour of this ion is blue. After that, the [CuCl4]2+ was produced, and its colour is yellow. However, the solution was turned to green. Lister and Renshaw (2000, p476) pointed out that the energy gap between d orbital is suitable for the frequency of electromagnetic radiation in the ordinary light, as a result, most of the transition metal has its own colour. Conclusion To summarize, part A shows that how to calculate the water of crystallization, and colour changed between hydrated copper (II) sulphate and anhydrous copper (II) sulphate. In part B shows the definition of ligands, complexes and colour change cause by the spectrum. Reference Baike.Baidu [online] (2009) Available at: http://baike.baidu.com/view/1729.htm?fr=ala0_1_1 Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Chemguide [online] (2009) Available at: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/complexions/colour.html Accessed date: January 6, 2010 Chmicalland21 [online] (nd) Available at: http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/COPPER%20SULPHATE%20PENTAHYDRATE.htm Accessed date: January 10, 2010 Down.food126 [online] (2008) Available at: http://down.food126.com/download/view-software-3346.html Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Lister, R. and J., Renshaw (2000). Chemistry for Advanced Level (3rd edition). Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd, Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Lane, R (2009) Chemistry Practical 2 Handout Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Lookchem [online] (2008) Available at: http://www.lookchem.com/COPPER-II-SULFATE-PENTAHYDRATE-1-1-5-/ Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Science.Jrank [online] (2010) Available at: http://science.jrank.org/pages/13786/crystal-field-theory.html Accessed date: January 6, 2010

The Great Depression Essay -- Economics Finance History Economy Essays

The Great Depression The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. There were a few main areas of focus during the Great Depression. The key areas were the Crash of the Stock Market, Unemployment Rate, the effect on the rest of the world, World War II and our political out look and the way different countries handle themselves today. The Great Depression was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world. Though the U.S. economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929, when President Hoover came in office. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 they had dropped to only about 20 percent of their value in 1929 (www.english.uiuc.edu). Some of the stock figures I received from (www.huppi.com) indicate the changes of the Gross National Product from 1930 until 1939. The Gross National Product, or GNP, for 1930 had a negative change of 9.4 percent. In 1931, the GNP continued to decline another 8.5 percent. In 1932 it dropped another 13.4 percent and continued to drop 2.1 percent in 1933. In 1934 the GNP made a turn for the better and started to increase by 7.7 percent and continued to rise in 1935 with an increase of 8.1 percent. During 1936 and 1937 the GNP rose for a combined amoun t of 19.1 percent but do to the beginning of recession in 1938 it had a drop of 4.5 percent. Once Recession ended the GNP went up 7.9 percent in 1939. (Www.english.uiuc.edu) tells us that besides ruining many thousands of individual investors, this precipitous decline in the value of assets greatly strained banks and other financial institutions, particularly those holding stocks in their portfolios. Many banks were consequently forced into insolvency; by 1933, 11,000 of the United States' 25,000 banks had failed. The failure of so many banks, combined with a general and nationwide loss of confidence in the economy, led to much-reduced levels of spending and demand and hence of production, thus aggravating the downward spiral. â€Å"The result was drastically falling output and drastically rising unemployment; ... ...its were contracting it; The Fed's inaction was the reason why the initial recession turned into a prolonged depression; The economy continually sank throughout Hoover's entire term. Under Roosevelt's New Deal, it rose five out of seven years. Attempts to blame Big Government for the Depression do not withstand serious scrutiny; The Smoot-Hawley Tariff had a minor impact because trade formed only 6 percent of the U.S. economy, and reducing trade gave Americans only that much more money to spend domestically. Hoover's other attempts at government intervention came mostly during his last year in office, when the Depression was already at its depth; The first nations to come out of the Great Depression were Sweden, Germany, Great Britain, and then everyone else did so after they adopted the Keynesian solution of heavy deficit government spending and the Keynesian economic policies have eliminated the depression from the world's economies in the six decades that have followed. Works Cited WWW.huppi.com WWW.english.uiuc.edu Nelson Cary Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War Oxford, New York 1999 Oxford University Press   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Importance of adult education and ways to implement Essay

SYRIAN CONFLICTS Security Council Fellow Delegates Ladies and Gentlemen.Good morning everybody,my name is Melwin.Today i take this oppurtinity to speak about Syrian conflcts.The Syrian conflicts has admitted it has a chemical weopans stockpile and says its willing to destroy it under international supervision. The UK is working with the US and the France to draft a UN resolutionon on the Russian for Syrian’s chemical weopans to be put under international control.The 3 nation want a timetable and consequences of failure spelt out. Prime Minister David Cameroon says that he still supports military action. Speaking at the G-20 summit,MR.Cameroon announced that the uk would give an additional of $80m in aid for Syria-much of it for medical training and equipment to help civilians targeted by chemical attacks. SYRIAN CONFLICTS Security Council Fellow Delegates Ladies and Gentlemen.Good morning everybody,my name is Melwin.Today i take this oppurtinity to speak about Syrian conflcts. The Syrian conflicts has admitted it has a chemical weopans stockpile and says its willing to destroy it under international supervision. The UK is working with the US and the France to draft a UN resolutionon on the Russian for Syrian’s chemical weopans to be put under international control. The 3 nation want a timetable and consequences of failure spelt out. Prime Minister David Cameroon says that he still supports military action. Speaking at the G-20 summit,MR.Cameroon announced that the uk would give an additional of $80m in aid for Syria-much of it for medical training and equipment to help civilians targeted by chemical attacks. Prime Minister David Cameroon says that he still supports military action. Speaking at the G-20 summit,MR.Cameroon announced that the uk would give an additional of $80m in aid for Syria-much of it for medical training and equipment to help civilians targeted by chemical attacks â€Å"PRAISE THE LORD† STMC SUNDAY CATECHISM Lesson-8 Church: The Prophetic People. 1. Who is a prophet? What are his functions? A prophet is the one who communicates God’s message to the people. He speaks for God. He also bears witness to God’s Word in his own life. God sent prophets to Israel from time to time to form the people of Israel as his own  people, to make them know His will and to lead them according to his will. 2. What do you understand when we speak of the prophetic function of the members of the Church? The members of the Church who receive the Holy Spirit through Baptism and Anointing become a prophetic people. The prophetic people are those who are anointed by the Holy Spirit and led by the Holy Spirit. To become witnesses of Jesus Christ is the mission of those who receive the Spirit and become prophets in the Church. 3. A prophet is called to be the light of the world and salt to the earth: illustrate. Salt preserves edible thing; it also gives taste. In fulfilling their prophetic function the members of the Church should work for the elimination of evil in the society and to add taste to life which they experience deep within them. Wherever they are, the members of the Church are called to bear witness to Christ through proclaiming the Word of God and by the example of their lives. As a prophetic people, Christians are called shed the light of Christ on those who live in the darkness of immorality, deceitfulness and fraud. 4. Write a short note on: A Christian is one who has to bear witness to truth. Our prophetic function in the world is to bear witness to truth like Jesus. The Church should really become the conscience of the world by fighting against untruth and injustice and by witnessing to truth, justice and love. This is the prophetic function of the Church. 5. How do the lay people fulfill their prophetic mission? The lay persons are called to fulfill their prophetic function in the Church by strengthening themselves through the reception of the sacraments, by leading a life of faith and by proclaiming the gospel through their words and lives. Lesson-9 The Missionary Church. 1. The Church is missionary by her very nature. Explain. After resurrection from the dead, Jesus appeared to his disciples and said: â€Å"As the father has sent me, even so I send you†. â€Å"Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you†. Jesus entrusted the Church with the mission to bear witness to him. Therefore the Church, by her very nature, is missionary. 2. How does  the Church perform her missionary function? The Church’s mission is to proclaim Christ and make him known as the only Saviour of the world lead all peoples to this path of salvation. It is the duty of every Christian to proclaim Jesus Christ to others who do not know him yet. The Church perform this God given mission in three ways (i) The Church proclaim Christ to those people who have not heard of him.(ii)She instructs those who are already in the Church through faith and baptism, so that they may deepen their knowledge in the mystery of faith.(iii)She re-evangelizes those Christians who have become weak in their practice of faith. 3. Every Christian is a missionary. illustrate. One is called to participate in the mission of proclaiming Christ by virtue of baptism. To bear witness to Christ by leading a life in accordance with the gospel values is the fundamental mission of every Christian. This mission is carried out differently by the members of the Church depending on the state of life each one has chosen. 4. Write notes on: The missionary endeavors of the Syro-Malabar Church. The Christians, who received faith from St .Thomas, imbibed his missionary zeal and faith. Many missionaries, both men and women, from the Syro-Malabar Church are engaged in octane missionary work in different parts of India. In recognition of the missionary spirit and zeal of the Syro-Malabar Church and its members, Pope John 23rd entrusted the care of Chanda Mission to the Syro-malabar Church. Later a number of dioceses in the north,such as Satna, Sagar, Ujjain, Bignor, Rajkot, Jagadalpur, Gorakpur were entrusted to the Syro-malabar Church by the Holy See. Diocese of Kalayan was established in 1988to look after the spiritual needs of the members of the Syro- Malabar Church who have settled in Mumbai for job, and trade and commerce. The diocese of Thakkala in the south was established in i996 and in the North, the diocese of Balthangadi in 1999 comprising the mission territories of Kerala. The diocese of Chanda was divided and the diocese of Adilabad was formed. The diocese of Chicago in USA is a part of the Syro-Malabar Church. 5. How can we participate in the mission of the Church as its members? We bear witness to Jesus Christ by the words and actions, particularly when we live in the midst of people who are non-Christians. Lesson-10 The Pilgrim Church 1. What is the hope that gives meaning to Christian life? Christians are a people who move forward with eager longing for heaven and the bliss of Paradise. It is this hope of eternal life, which gives meaning to Christian Life. 2.How does the Christian life become a foretaste of life in heaven? Christian Life means our union with Jesus Christ. It is state in which we are in Christ and He is in us. A complete and final realization of this union with Christ is heaven. In real Christian life, we can have a fore taste heaven, provided we live according to the promptings of the Spirit. Peace and happiness are the fruits of the Spirit which the presence of the Holy Spirit ensures in our lives. Enjoying peace and happiness here on earth through the presence of the Holy Spirit, is an experience of heavenly life-only in small measures here, but there in full. 3. How can we help our departed faithful? The faithful who are on earth can assist the souls in purgatory, through their prayers, particularly the Eucharist, almsgiving and sacrifices. 4. Explain, individual judgment and final judgment.  The separation of the soul from the body is death. The body gets decayed in the soul but the soul, at very movement of death, appears before God, to be judged individually, according to each one’s life and conduct. We call this the individual judgment. The final judgment is the one in which the just and the unjust are going to be separated finally and eternally. Lesson-11 The Church is One 1. The Catholic Church is the fellowship of the individual Churches. Explain. The Church is the body of Christ. In the Church, the members live out their Christian life in individual Churches under one common authority of the Pope. The Catholic Church is the fellowship or communion of these individual Churches. There exists a wonderful unity among these Churches. 2. What are the factors that that constitute the basis of the Church’s fellowship and unity? i) Unity in Faith: Our faith is in Triune God, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit as revealed Jesus. It is the faith in the salvation,  made real by the son of God, who was sent by the Father, for the redemption of the world and completed by the Holy Spirit. Thus all the believers are united in one Spirit through one Lord, one faith and one baptism. ii) Unity in sacraments: Having been made into one body with Jesus through baptism, we are nourished by the Holy Eucharist and other sacraments. Church is the fellowship of those who participate in the one and the same life by participating in the same spiritual drink and the same spiritual food. Thus the members of the Church are united through one baptism and one bread for all. iii) Unity in Apostleship: Fellowship with the apostles and the Bishops is essential for maintaining the fellowship of the believers in the Church. This is called unity in apostleship. The believers who are united like this have one faith, one sacrament and one apostolic leadership. 3. Which are the main liturgical traditions in the Catholic Church? They are six liturgical traditions in the Catholic Church follow are ancient. Of these, Byzantine, Antiochian, Alexandrian, Chaldean, Armenian are of Oriental liturgical traditions and Roman (latin) tradition is Western. 4. To which liturgical tradition does the Syro-Malabar Church belong? The Syro-Malabar Church follows the Oriental Syrian Liturgical tradition. 5. On what basis are the individual Churches formed? Individual Churches has sprung up in its own particular historical context and is rooted in a particular culture. Each of them has its own life-style (CCEO 28:1). They, have all equal status in the Catholic Church. Lesson -12 The Church is Holy 1. How did God reveal his holiness to the prophet Isaiah; explain. Once prophet Isaiah was praying in the temple and he had a vision. He saw the Lord seated on a throne. The hem of his robe filled the entire temple. Above him stood the seraphim; each had six wings; with two he covered his face and with two he covered his feet and with two he flew. And one called to another and said: â€Å"Holy, Holy, Holy is the Lord of hosts; the whole earth is full of His glory.† And the foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of him who called, and the house was filled with smoke. This vision of Isaiah is one that reveals God’s holiness. 2. Why do you say that the Church is holy? The Church is a community called by the most high God, who is Holy, and dedicated to service. The holy one, God, is dwelling in the Church. The Church is being led by the Holy Spirit. The Church is also enriched by the presence of so many holy people in it. All these factors account for the holiness of the Church. 3. What are the means of sanctification in the Church? i) Sanctification through Jesus: -In the New Testament, Jesus, the Lamp of God, purifies us through his blood. It was his sacrifice on the cross that liberated us from the power of the evil one, sanctified us from sin and made us God’s children. ii) Sanctification through the word of God:- The Word of God has the power to sanctify us. Jesus said: †You are already made clean by the Word which I have spoken to you.† The members of the Church can walk on the path of holiness by reflecting on the Word of God prayerfully every day and living it out during the course of the day. Iii) Sanctification through the Sacraments:- Sacraments are the means for the sanctification of the Church. They are the stream of divine life established by Jesus. God sanctifies every phase of human life through various sacraments. He specially sanctifies our bodies and souls through the holy sacrifice of the Qurbana every day iv) Sanctification through the Sacramentals:- The sacraments help us to grow in holiness. They prepare us to receive God’s love and kindness and assist us in our growth in holiness. The sacramental are rituals that sanctify the members of the Church, in their verifying states of life, situations, places and things they use. v) Sanctification through Prayer, Fasting, and Abstinence:- Through prayer we can confess our weaknesses and limitations before the Almighty God and gain strength and confidence. vi) Sanctifications through Our Vocations:- Any state of life in Church is a divine vocation. Whatever is the state of life, when one moves the path of perfection of love according to his/ her state of life and inspire others to grow in holiness, the holiness illuminates. 4. How do the vocations become the means of holiness? Perfection of love is attained and holiness is achieved, by fulfilling faithfully the duties pertaining to each one’s state of life. Any state of life in the Church is a divine vocation. Whatever is the state of life, when  one moves the path of perfection of love according to his/ her state of life and inspire others to grow in holiness, the holiness illuminates. In a way the works entrusted to one’s care can also be seen as a divine call. Through this we get an opportunity to participate in the creative, redeeming and sanctifying works of God. They become means of holiness for us when we lovingly co-operate and creatively respond to the call of God the works entrusted to us. 5. How do abstinence, prayer and fasting help us to grow in holiness? Prayer, fasting and are also means for sanctification. In prayer we meet God; we come to know his will for us. Through prayer we can confess our weaknesses and limitations before the Almighty God and gain strength and confidence. Anyone who prays sincerely is greatly strengthened against falling into sin or in case of failure, he gets back the path of holiness quickly through repentance. Though fasting and abstinence we make amends for our own as well as for others sins. Fasting gives us the strength to keep away from the situation of sin. The Church is Apostolic 1. How does the faith experience of the apostles become the foundation of the Church? The faith experience of the apostles is the basis of the Church. The apostles believed in Jesus as the Lord and God proclaimed this faith with boldness to others. And those who listened to the proclamation accepted this faith. Thus the faith – experience of the apostles became the basis of the Church, the community of believers. 2. What are the functions of the Bishops, the successors of the apostles? The Bishops in the Church are the successors of the apostles. They, through the power of the Holy Spirit given to them, are the authentic teachers of faith, the high priests and shepherds. They are the shepherds of the Lord’s sheep entrusted to their care. The bishop is the head of the local Church, namely the diocese. In union with the Pope, a bishop teaches leads and sanctifies the people entrusted to his care in a diocese. 3. Write a short note on the apostolicity of the Syro- Malabar Church? Our fore-fathers had the privilege of receiving the faith directly from St. Thomas, the Apostle. We, the members the Syro- Malabar Church inherit this faith tradition. References like ‘Mar Thomma Nazranikal’ ‘Mar Thomma Christians’ are indicatives of our apostolic tradition and heritage. It was St. Thomas who confessed Jesus as Lord and God and expressed his readiness to go and die with him. The faith  experience that we have received through the apostle St. Thomas is the apostolic foundation of the Syro-Malabar Church. 4. When does the council of Bishops express itself in the Church? Bishops who are the successors of the apostles and the Pope who is taking the place of St.Peter, have an apostolic mission and fellowship which is exercised in the leadership of the Church. The Pope is the head of the council of Bishops. When the Bishops of the Church exercise their apostolic authority in union with the Pope, we see the collegiality of Bishops. The ecumenical councils also reflect the collegiality of Bishops. 5. What do you mean by the Primacy of the Pope? Pope is the first among the Bishops in the Church as he is the successor of Peter. The Pope is at the one and at the same time the Bishop of Rome and at the head of the Universal Church. He has the authority to lead, sanctify and teach the Universal Church. The first Vatican Council declared the Primacy of the Pope as a fundamental truth. Through the encyclicals and apostolic instructions the Pope exercises his teaching authority over the entire Church.

2 Types of Computer Science Essay Writing Prove Yourself in 30 Topics with 5 Simple Steps

2 Types of Computer Science Essay Writing Prove Yourself in 30 Topics with 5 Simple Steps Today, Computer Science is an academic discipline that incorporates the study of computers and computing by means of scientific methods. This field is probably relevant for many students whether someone studies the humanities, social sciences or fine arts. A wide variety of issues, such as security against viruses and spyware, the effective usage of the World Wide Web to find the necessary information, can occur to everyone. But not everyone, who has a personal computer, needs to write a computer science essay. If you are still required to deal with computer science essay writing, it is better to know all the ins and outs of this process. This computer science essay writing guide is to help you end up with successful writing a particular type of essays on Computer Science. You’ll know the purpose of essay writing and its main features that give a reasonable fit to an A+ essay paper. Broad Type of Computer Science Essay Writing There are a lot of discussions about computers in the academic field. This fact allows many instructors to give the assignment to write a computer science essay on a broad topic to know your opinion and arguments for it. The main purpose of a broad essay is to demonstrate the ability to construct a coherent argument and employ critical thinking skills. So, in what computer science topics you can show this ability? The following list of broad Computer Science essay topics gives the chance to try yourself: Computer Science: My Programming Experiences Computerization of Everyday Life: 10 Pros and Cons of This Process The Success of the Computer Science in the 21st Century The Concept of the Internet in the Computer Science: Is It Central? 7 Top Possibilities Given by the Course of Computer Science High-Tech Workers of the Silicon Valley: Who Are These Representatives of the Computer Science? The History of Computer Science: How Did It Start Developing? The Importance of Computer Science: Should Everyone Be a Scientist? Is a Career in the Computer Science Realizable for Most Students? Artificial Intelligence Vs. Human Brain: Who Copes with Problems Better? The Impact of the Computer Science on X Spheres of Our Life 6 Research Interests in Computer Science 5 Computer Science Innovations and Latest Trends 7 Modern-Day Myths about Computer Science: X Contraries to Them Hacker’s Ways of Working: Threat or Security? The Future of the Virtual Reality Technologies Programming Language Vs. Human Language: What Skill Is More Employable? The Timeline of Robotics: When Did It Start and When Will It Stop? How Much Supervision Do Computer Science Students Need? 10 Biggest Names in Computer Science: Who Can Impact the Industry: A Talented or Trained Person? Specified Type of Computer Science Essay Writing Under the broad umbrella term of computer science, there are many areas of specialization available to students pursuing computer science degrees. Below you’ll find a variety of narrow essay topics on Computer Science chosen according to the Stanford’s rating for the most popular Computer Science courses over the past 5 academic years: 7 Algorithmic Techniques: An Analysis of Computational Problems 5 Ways of Storing and Organizing Data in a Computer: What Is More Efficient? The Intelligence of Machines: What Branch of Computer Science Aims to Create It? The Vulnerability Analysis: 4 Potential Ways of Hacker Attack The Database Privacy and Security: Evaluating the Information Retrieval and Processing A Cryptographic Protocol as a Basis for Security of a System Software Engineering: 10 Fundamental Principles and Techniques 5 Categories Used for Classifying Computer Networks Computer Vision: From Object to Character Recognition Cloud Communications and Networking: Its Quality and Open Challenges. 5 Simple Steps from Our Writers of Successful Essay Writing on Computer Science After you know what to cover in computer science essays, you should familiarize with the ways of covering this or that topic. So, if you take into consideration a broad essay topic, you are supposed to show your personal attitude to the process of the computerization of the modern world, its effects on human life and achievements in the scientific area. In fact, a significant amount of research work, efforts, and writing techniques is expected of everyone who wants to write a high-quality computer science essay. If you follow X simple steps, you will find that your essay almost writes on its own. You are responsible only for applying essay ideas on paper. Get started. You should be focused enough on the ultimate result to write an A+ essay rather than to meet your instructor’s desire to see your paper. It is better to switch off your computer devices despite you’re going to write about them. Yes, it is a great technological advancement, but it can consume much your time. You can say this point while dealing with the topic ‘The Effects of the Computerization of Everyday Life: X Pros and Cons of This Process’. There is even a term ‘screen time’ when people talk about any time spent in front of an electronic device. So, if you realize the addiction to checking your e-mail or news feed on Facebook or Twitter, or playing games, get rid of all electronic devices around you for the moment. The device-related distraction won’t come in handy. Instead, site or app blocker extensions will be useful to you. Get prepared for essay writing. After nothing distracts you, you should prepare all the essentials of essay writing – a topic, an essay question, an outline, the reliable sources of information and an essay writing guide. For example, this article can be at hand as an excellent guide in your computer science essay writing. In general, keep in mind that essay writing basically comes down to 2 points: content and its formatting. To create a valuable content of your essay, gather and analyze the information with a proper way of formatting in APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian or Harvard styles. For example, at Library Learning Resources Division, you’ll find the reference resources, citing rules relevant for the Computer Science. Keep track of information. Essays are assigned not only with the aim to develop your writing skills, but also with the other aims. For example, you have a chance to show off how you are good at researching. Make sure you quote other people’s opinions, even if they differ, and refer to sources from which you can take the strong evidence on the topic you’re writing about. For that reason, you need to point out the central concepts of your computer science topic, its main points, and subpoints. Then, you can make some keyword queries in scientific bibliographies or electronic libraries like ACM, Elsevier, Springer, etc.) It is one of the best solutions to write down a source already in the correct citation format and the essential data for your essay. So, there won’t be the need to go back and look them up again later. Come up with the essay parts. One of the best recommendations from the experienced essay authors remain similar despite certain features of every separate text type – stick to a common essay structure. After thinking on a topic, finding the relevant information, forming an essay question, then a thesis statement of your future computer science paper, you should create a plan of this essay with the essential parts – introduction, body, and conclusion. Nothing additional should be added to your essay writing. Look at the following picture and keep in mind the tips in every part of an essay. Revise your computer science essay. You may be exhausted from the essay writing process. But you’ll be more worn-out when you submit your paper for a grade or for publication, and as a result, it won’t be accepted or will be returned to you. All your efforts were in vain. Want this outcome of your struggle with computer science essays? Then, take some time for close editing and proofreading. Even if you are sure about the organization of your essay, you may make some mechanical or typographical errors in spelling. Once again, return to the benefit of using a computer nowadays, especially for the benefit of your studies – you can make use of an online proofreading option. Correct all possible mistakes in sentence structure, word choice to strengthen the overall impression from the quality of your essay writing. 5 Essay Citing Guidelines In your computer science essay, you need to refer to some additional information about the issue under consideration. You’ve already known from what types of sources you can obtain it. However, you should know how to cite them properly to avoid any plagiarism scandal at college or university. The way in which you credit your information sources in an essay depends on the formatting style your professor requires APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, etc. You can incorporate someone else’s work into your own in three ways – quoting, summarizing and paraphrasing; When you find a relevant source for your essay, keep in mind that you should cite the author(s), year of publication. The more information you’ll find about a source, the easier it will be to compile a reference list at the end of writing; All references are listed in alphabetical order based the first authors last name; Any quotation in your essay begins and ends with quotation marks; There are two types of citations in-text or parenthetical. Besides the correctness of formatting citations, you should strive for two goals in the use of quotations to achieve their efficiency in your work and add some grace to your thoughts. You should provide quotations referring to the particular context. Use quotations so that they fit the structure of your sentences by: leaving words out within an ellipsis; inserting words in square brackets; replacing words with others. Now, we can be at peace with ourselves as you have a complete computer science essay guide on how to write an A+ computer science essay. It is your turn to apply all the essential computer science essay tips given here. We’ll be glad to help you 24/7 whenever you need to have essays written as required by your instructor.

Free Essays on Child Abandonment

Running Head: The intention of this new law is to give mothers who do not wish to provide care for their infants an alternative. Abstract There are magnitudes of reasons why a woman will abandon a baby, but an increasing number of state officials have decided that the reasons are irrelevant: The answer is how can the state stop babies from being thrown into dumpsters and left to die? Child abandonment law How prevalent is child abaondement? Unfortunately, no one knows for sure. However, safe child legislation will give mothers an alternative to leaving their newborn child in an unsafe place. Making available a safety net for these infants is a major concern for all humanity. Unwanted Infants are wrapped in plastic and tossed out with the trash, left in dumpsters, dark closets, restrooms, and other horrific places. Their small lives have little chance to survive the elements. All people agree that such manner of attempted infanticide is devastating. No human child ought to have his or her small life ended or life fashioned from such a horrible beginning. Unfortunately, people in our society engage in various types of behaviors that are risky. Safe child legislation will encourage mothers to turn their unwanted child over to authority’s passing their responsibilities on to others with no repercussion. The television often displays abandonment as a colorful benevolence of a mother expressing love for the child. She puts the child in a basket lined with soft blankets; the child is smiling or sleeping peacefully. Kisses the child places a note in the basket; she then places the basket on the doorstep of someone who will welcome the child with an open heart. In reality, this is not the outcome. Babies are found dead, sick and suffering, if they are found at all. Inf... Free Essays on Child Abandonment Free Essays on Child Abandonment Running Head: The intention of this new law is to give mothers who do not wish to provide care for their infants an alternative. Abstract There are magnitudes of reasons why a woman will abandon a baby, but an increasing number of state officials have decided that the reasons are irrelevant: The answer is how can the state stop babies from being thrown into dumpsters and left to die? Child abandonment law How prevalent is child abaondement? Unfortunately, no one knows for sure. However, safe child legislation will give mothers an alternative to leaving their newborn child in an unsafe place. Making available a safety net for these infants is a major concern for all humanity. Unwanted Infants are wrapped in plastic and tossed out with the trash, left in dumpsters, dark closets, restrooms, and other horrific places. Their small lives have little chance to survive the elements. All people agree that such manner of attempted infanticide is devastating. No human child ought to have his or her small life ended or life fashioned from such a horrible beginning. Unfortunately, people in our society engage in various types of behaviors that are risky. Safe child legislation will encourage mothers to turn their unwanted child over to authority’s passing their responsibilities on to others with no repercussion. The television often displays abandonment as a colorful benevolence of a mother expressing love for the child. She puts the child in a basket lined with soft blankets; the child is smiling or sleeping peacefully. Kisses the child places a note in the basket; she then places the basket on the doorstep of someone who will welcome the child with an open heart. In reality, this is not the outcome. Babies are found dead, sick and suffering, if they are found at all. Inf...

Salary assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Salary assignment - Research Paper Example The Alberta wage survey is said to cover 400 occupations providing information about the salaries and wages for both full time and part-time employees. This has been an analysis taken in 2011. The information provided, on the other hand, is based on the occupation, geographical areas of the employees and the industry group in Alberta (WAGEinfo., 2012). The survey is said to have played and still does play a great role to the lives of the individuals in Alberta. Its role, therefore, is to help them make both their career and educational plans. The survey also determines the pay scales and, hence, developing effective public policy. Lastly, the survey is responsible for the provision of the skill shortages (Government of Alberta, 2012). Embarking on the survey conducted in 2009, we are notified that the employment and the immigration department in Alberta collaborated with the service from Canada to conduct a survey on the Alberta wages and salaries every 2 years (Government of Alberta, 2012). The survey, conversely, is meant to gather the information about the employees both full time and part time depending on their occupation, geographical area and industry group. The information gathered was meant to help the people in Alberta for ‘transition into the workforce’ (ERL, 2012). Therefore, from the above table we can deduce that the minimum starting salary for a cabinetmaker is $12, while the highest salary is $23. This leads to an average salary of $17.24. On the other hand, the top salary a cabinetmaker can get is a minimum of $22 while the highest salary is $27 leading to an average of $35 (Clark, 1998). According to Clark (1998), the minimum starting salary of a carpenter is $14 while the highest is $38.63. The average starting salary is $22.74. In addition, the top salary of a carpenter is a minimum of $25 and a maximum of $45 leading to an average salary of $32.61. The chefs get a minimum starting salary